Lock



Sept. 23, 1947. J. A. CONNELL LOCK Filed July 29. 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1,

JIWWM Jab/ 4 J. A. CONNELL Sept. 23, 1947.

Filed July 29, 1.944 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fofin l4 (anus/4 Patented Sept. 23, 1947 UNITED; STATE-Si- PATENT OFFICE- John :A: Oonnell, Carlsbad,--N.- Mex- Application July'29; 1944; Serial'No; 547,180

6 Claims. (Cl. 70 3-83)- This invention relates-toimprovements in pin: tumbler locks, and more particularly to'improve' ments in locks of this 'typein' which the -station--- ary case" or cylinderis provided with a"plural-' ity. of series of driver 'pins, andtherevolving tumbler-carrier or core h'asa single series of pins to cooperate therewith:

One of the objectsof theinventionistosupply alock of this character inwhi'ch an authorized person; such as the manager "of ah'otel or office building, for example," may change the combination of the lock simply'by'the use'of keys, so that a person possessinga ke'ywhich has normall opened the lock; may insert'his key,after the combination'ischan'ged, butwill be unable to therebyturn the "revolvingcorewhich' con-' trols the belt. I

Another obj ectof 'the invention is to furnish alock'having such characteristics andprovided with'means for'preventin others. than theman ager of the hotel'or'oifie building from withdrawing a key exceptwhen the revolving core" is in a predetermined position. B'y such means,- the tenant will be'fru'strated from changing the combination by the-use'of a key similar toh'i-s individual one.

Another object is toprovid improved mean's for lubricating locks; such means .1inc1uding=a lubricant chamber adapted to 1 contain" powdered graphite, for example, from which the lub'r-i cant is. discharged by. the-action of".tlie 'driver pins, so that the lubricant will be fed eachrtimej a key is inserted-and removed; or reciprocat'ed back and forth in the ckeyway; The lubricating; means is claimed in a divisional application, .Ser: No. 604,833; filed July.'13,.1945-, which: is now Patent No; 2,422,224; dated :June l'l, 1947.-

With: the foregoing; objects outlined andwith other objects "in View which Will appear" as "thedescription proceeds, .the invention conSists in the novel features hereinafter described in de= tail, illustrated in' the accompanying; drawingsp and more particularly pointed out in" theap ndt ed-claims'.

Inthedrawings- Fig; 1 Ba front elevation of -a 1o'ck in accord:- ance with the invention.

Fig.2 is aside elevation ofthe-same."

Fig.3 is a rear elevation;

Fig 4 is'a plan view*of' onerof'the-'tenant s keys.

Fig. '5' is-a similar View prone ofi the manager-"s keys corrspondihg-to that 1 tenants' key.

Fig; 6 is a front elevation of a modified "form of' the locki partlyr broken away,'- to illustrate 'a' 2 portion- 0fthe means i employed to prevent the tenant-- from withdrawing -his' key except when therevolving cere isifi -ar certain position; l

Figa'l is-a plan view of a tenants key' of' the typeto be used with the-lock shown in Fig. 6.

Fig: 9 'is a. '-1on'gitudina1- -vertical sectional viewon the line 99 of Fi'g-i- 1; with the key removed.

Fig; 10 is a similar view after a tenants-key? hasbeen insertedz Fig. 11 is--a longitudinal sectional view" on the line I l---I l of=Fi'g-.'- 1; after the revolving" core i has been turned to b'ring th'e keyway into alignment with 'said linee 12 isa view 'simil'ar to Fig-ill,- but showing 1 one of themanagers-keys in-p1ace= of the 1 ten 1 ants -key.

Fig? l3 is a transverse vertical sectional view" taken on th e lined 3 4-3 of Fig. 12.

Fig} 14 is a view 'si'rnilartoFig; 13, but-showingthe revolving-core in its normal position Referring tothe drawings;-- I5 designates astatidharymaseor cylinder provided with a bore l6 extending lengthwise thereof below its center," for -the"reception-ofa rotatable core I 'l -having"an"abutment flange-18 m the front of the lock-"and providedat *it's' rear with a conventional boltactuating member-191" A's/usual; thecore 1 is-provitld with a'keyway 01 slot 1 20 communicatingwith a' series-ofradiallydisposed holes 2l extending lengthwise thereof-g for the reception of "reciprocating "pins- 2 2, which 1 cooperate with driving pins 23 arranged in a series ofholes 24 i disposedm a line extendinglengthwise-of the cyli'rideror case I As iscustomary, the drivers 2.3 am yieldihgliz urged tow'ard the core by means ofcoil sprir'1gs'2'5; positioned in the holes '24 andheld in place by a 'slidabl plate 26 which fits in a groove 21 ext-ending lengthwiseof the periphery of the-case.-"

In accordance with my invention, I ar-range' changeoverelements-ordisks- 28; 29;"30, 3|; and 32 betWeen-tlie* pins 22*and the drivers 23, ex cept between the: last driver 23d--ofthe series and the pin with which itcooperates.

In the cylinder-creasing of such a look; I placeone ormore addit-ional series of holes 33,- 34*for the-reception of one or"more*additiona1 sets of" drivers '35, 36,"but in *the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 9 to 14, inclusive, it" will-benotedKFigs; 11 and 12) that the holes 33, 34*areless in-number thanthe pin holes '2 l of the-rotatablbore? This is-"for"the purpose of preventing withdrawal of the tenants k'ey ex 3 cept when the keyway 23 is in the same plane as the holes 24.

Referring now to Fig. 9, it will be noted that with the key out of the slot, drivers 23, 23a normally extend across the junction between the periphery of the core I! and the surface of the bore I6, so that the core cannot be turned. If, however, the tenant inserts his ke 31 (Fig. 10), the serrated edge 38 thereof will lift the pins 22 and disks 2B32 into a position to allow the core to be turned by the key for actuating the bolt-operating member l9. However, whenever the rearmost pin 22, which is carried by the core moves to one side or the other of the line of holes 24, it confronts a solid portion of the case or cylinder, as indicated at 39 in Fig. 11. Therefore, the tenants key cannot be Withdrawn, because the hump 40 at the inner end thereof is interlocked with the rearmost pin 22 of the core. Of course, it can be withdrawn whenever the keyway is aligned with the holes 24.

We will now assume that the manager, for one reason or another, desires to alter the lock in such a way that the tenant, although he may insert his key, cannot turn the core. Under such circumstances, the manager when the core is in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 3, inserts his first key 4| (Fig. 5) which corresponds with the tenants key 31, except that the hump 40 is omitted, and a nose 42 is provided to raise the rearmost pin 22 of the core. Hence, when the manager inserts key 4|, it will bring the parts into the position shown in Fig. 10. At this time, the core may be turned to bring the keyway into alignment with the holes 33. When this position is reached, the manager withdraws his key 4| and such withdrawal is not interfered with, because the rearmost pin 22 of the core is not interlocked with this key. After such withdrawal, the manager inserts his second key 43 (Fig. 8) which key, let us say, has a notch 44 for the front pin 22 of the core which is not as deep as the notch 46 of the tenants key 31 (Fig. 10) or the notch 45 of the first key of the manager (Fig. 5). Hence, upon the insertion of the key 43 (Fig. 12) the notch 44 will raise the front pin of the core to a higher elevation than the other keys so as to project the corresponding disk 28 into the front hole 33 of the case I5. He then turns the key in a counter-clockwise direction to return the keyway to the. vertical position where it is in alignment with the holes 24. He then withdraws the key 43. Now, if the tenant attempts to open the lock by means of the key 31, it will be clear that the front pin 22 of the core Will drop into the notch 46, and as there is no disk 28 between thi pin and its complementary driver 23, the latter will not be lifted to as great a height, but will obstruct the junction between the rotatable ,core and the case. Therefore, the tenant is prevented from opening the lock. Of course, the manager can readily open it by first using the key 43 to shift the keyway into alignment with the holes 33 before withdrawing this key and inserting his key 4| to effect the transfer of the disk 28 back into the front hole 2| of the core. Then, this key may be turned in a counter-clockwise direction to bring the keyway back into alignment with the holes 24 before the key 4| is withdrawn.

It will be obvious that by varying the lengths of the pins 22, the drivers 23, or the thicknesses of the disks 28-32, and changing the profiles of the keys accordingly, numberless combinations may be obtained. Furthermore, a greater variety may be achieved by the employment of the second set of holes 34 and the drivers 36.

Instead of employing a hump 40 at an end of a key to prevent withdrawal of the key except when the latter is in a particular position, I can use the structure illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. In this embodiment, the cylinder I5a has secured to the front end thereof, a plate 48 provided at its rear with a circular rabbet or recess 49 communicating with an entrance notch 50. When a tenants key 5! (Fig. '7) having a lug 52 thereon is inserted in such a lock, the lug 52 will move through the notch 50, and then if the key is turned, the lock will enter the recess or groove 49 so that the key cannot be withdrawn except when it is in a special position.

In the drawings, I have shown a lubricating means which may be used with various types of locks, especially those having two or more sets of driver pins in the case. In accordance with the invention one or more holes 53 and 54 are formed in the lock casing and each hole is connected by a passageway 54 with each of the driver pin holes 24. Each hole 53, 54, also, comwill be closed by any suitable means, such as removable plugs 56, Fig, 3, to permit recharging the same. With lubricant in the chambers 53, 54, it will be obvious that whenever the drivers 23 are reciprocated by the ordinary insertion and removal of the key, the drivers will act as pistons to feed the lubricant into the holes 24, 33, and 34, from which the lubricant will travel to the rotatable core and to the pin holes 2 I. For more positive lubrication, one may use either of the managers key 4|, 43, for example, when the pin holes 2| are aligned with either series of holes 33 or 34, and by moving the key back and forth several times can cause feeding of the lubricant.

From the foregoing, it is believed the construction, operation and advantages of my invention may be readily understood by those skilled in the art, and it is manifest that changes may be made in the details disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention, as expressed in the claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a pin tumbler lock, a stationary cylinder, a core rotatably mounted in the cylinder and provided with a keyway a set of reciprocating pins slidably mounted in the core and extending into the keyway, the cylinder being provided with at least two lengthwise series of holes, a set of drivers in each series of holes, said pins being adapted to coincide with either series of holes in the cylinder by the revolution of the core, a changeover element normally arranged in the core at the end of one of the pins, a key insertable into the keyway and cooperable with the pins when they register with the first series of holes of the cylinder for shifting the first set of drivers and the change-over element into a position where they will notrinterfere with the turning of the core in the cylinder until the pins register with the second series of holes, a second key adapted to be inserted in the keyway while the pins register with the first series of holes for shifting the first set of drivers and the change-over element into a position where they will not interfere with pins register with the second series of holes, a

third key adapted to be inserted in the keyway While thepins register with the second series of holesfor moving the pins and for shifting the change-over element into one of the holes of the second series to permit the third key to return the core to its first position after transferring the change-over element from the core of the cylinder whereby the first key is then prevented from shifting the pin which cooperated with the change-over element-to a position where it will release the core from the cylinder, and means to prevent the first. key from being withdrawn from the keyway when the reciprocating pins of the core register with the second series of holes of the cylinder, the second and third keys being so shaped that they are free of said means and either may be removed from the keyway while the reciprocating pins of the core are in registration with the second-series of. holes of the cylinder.

2. Ina pin tumbler look, a stationary cylinder, a core rotatably. mounted in the cylinder and provided -with;a.key.way, a. set. of reciprocating pins sli'dably-mounted inthe. core and extending into thekeyway, the. cylinder being provided with at least two lengthwise series ofholes, a set of drivers in each series of holes, said pins being adapted to coincide with either series of holes in the cylinder by the revolution of the core, a changeover element movable from the core to the cylinder and vice versa, said element being normally arranged between one of the drivers and one of the pins, a first key insertable into the keyway and cooperable with the pins when they register with the first series of holes of the cylinder for shifting the first set of drivers and the changeover element into a position where they will not interfere with the turnin of the core in the cylinder until the pins register with the second series of holes, means to prevent the first key from being withdrawn from the keyway when the reciprocating pins of the core register with the second series of holes of the cylinder, means cooperating with the pins while the first key is removed from the keyway for shifting the core from the first series of holes to bring the pins into registry with the second series of holes, and a second key adapted to be inserted in the keyway while the pins register with the second series of holes for moving the pins and for shifting the change-over element into one of the holes of the second series to permit the second key to return the core to its first position after transferring the change-over element from the core to the cylinder whereby the first key is then prevented from shifting the pin which cooperated with the change-over element to a position where it will release the core from the cylinder, the second'key being so shaped that it is free of said means and may be removed from the keyway while the reciprocating pins of the core are in registration with the second series of holes of the cylinder.

3. A pin tumbler look as claimed in claim 2, in which said means comprises an extra reciprocating pin arranged in the core at one end of the set of reciprocating pins, and means in the cylinder to prevent said extra pin from movin outwardly toward the cylinder when the pins register with the second series of holes in the cylinder.

4. In a pin tumbler look, a stationary cylinder, a cylindrical core rotatably mounted in the cylinder and provided with a keyway, a set of reciprocating pins slidably mounted in the core and extending into the keyway, the cylinder being provided with first and second series of holes substantially radially arranged with reference to the core, a set of drivers slidably arranged in each series of holes, said pins being adapted to axially coincide with either series of holes in the cylinder by the revolution of the core and one set of drivers being the only means normally preventing rotation of the ,core by a key from the position where the reciprocating pins register with the first seriesof-holes of the cylinder to a. position where the pins register with the second series of holes, a change-over element normally arranged in, the core at the end of one of the pins, a first key insertable into thekeyway and cooperable with the -.-pins when they register with the firstser es of holes of the cylinder for shifting the first set of drivers andthechange-over element; into .a positionwhere they will not interfere with the. turning. of the core in the cylinder until the pins register with. the second series of holes,

means to prevent the first key from being withdrawn from the keyway when the reciprocating pins of the coreregister with the second series of holesof the, cylinder, means cooperating with the pins while the. first-key is removed from the keyway for shifting the coreto'bring the pins into registry with the second series of holes, and a second keyadapted to be inserted in the keyway while the pins register with the second series of holes for moving the pins and for shifting the change-over element into one of the holes of the second series to permit the second key to return the core to its first position after transferring the change-over element from the core to the cylinder whereby the first key is then prevented from shifting the pin which cooperated with the change-over element to a position where it will release the core from the cylinder, the second key being so shaped that it is free of said means and may be removed from the keyway while the reciprocating pins of the core are in registration with the second series of holes of the cylinder.

5. In a 1 in tumbler look, a stationary cylinder, a core rotatably mounted in the cylinder and provided with a keyway, a set of reciprocating pins slidably mounted in the core and extending into the keyway, the cylinder being provided with at least two lengthwise series of holes spaced from one another circumferentially of the core, a set of drivers in each series of holes, said pins being adapted to coincide with either series of holes in the cylinder by the revolution of the core, a change-over element normally arranged in the core at the end of one of the pins, a key insertable into the keyway and cooperable with the pins when they register with the first series of holes of the cylinder for shifting the first set of drivers and the change-over element into a position where they will not interfere with the turning of the core in the cylinder until the pins register with the second series of holes, means to prevent the first key from being withdrawn from the keyway when the pins of the core register with the second series of holes of the cylinder, means cooperating with the pins while the first key is removed from the keyway for shifting the core to bring the pins into registry with said second series of holes, and a second key adapted to be inserted in the keyway while the pins register with the second series of holes for shifting the pins and for shifting the change-over element into one of the holes of the second series to permit the second key to return the core to its first position after transferring the change-over element from the core to the cylinder whereby the first-mentioned key is then prevented from shifting the pin which cooperated with the change-over element to a position Where it will release the core from the cylinder, the second key being so shaped that it is free of said means and may be removed from the keyway While the reciprocating pins of the core are in registration with the second series of holes of the cylinder.

6. In a pin tumbler look, a cylinder having a first set of holes, a set of drivers slidable in said holes, a core rotatable in said cylinder and having a keyway and a second set of holes registering with the first set in one angular position of said core, pins slidable in the second set of holes, a change-over element arranged in one of the second set of holes at the outer end of one of said pins, said cylinder having a third set of holes registering with the second set when the core is turned to a second angular position, drivers slidable in the third set of holes, a key insertable in the keyway when the core is in the first angular position to shift the pins to release the core for rotation, retaining means effective with respect to said key to prevent it from being withdrawn from the keyway when the core is in the second angular position, means cooperating with the pins while said key is removed from the keyway for shifting the core to bring the pins into registry REFERwCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,778,680 Long Oct. 14, 1930 1,819,853 Von Mehren Aug. 18, 1931 988,663 Rees Apr. 4, 1911 1,154,078 Upton Sept. 21, 1915 1,004,904 Rees Oct. 3, 1911 1,796,098 Hardy Mar. 10, 1931 2,326,358 Hull Aug. 10, 1943 

